Paving, Turf and Sod

Paving is a layer of hard material that forms the surface of a built environment (e.g. a road, pavement, drive). In this chapter we use the term more broadly to discuss the layers that are completed in the final phases of a project to build up to finished level be it turf (aka sod), asphalt, tiles, woodchip or anything else. The bulk earthworks as discussed in earlier chapters will result in topography defined to the Formation/Subgrade Level with cavities where paving will be. Estimating of paving often is done by taking area measurements of the paving and then finding the volume using a simple calculation of Area x Paving Thickness. Although this is often sufficient, it is also possible to model paving build up in Kubla Cubed, by modelling the paving elevations and calculating the volumes.